American Society of Landscape Architects / Professional Practice / 2015 

Green Infrastructure:  Wildlife Habitat and Corridors:  Landscape Ecology

       An array of independent and uncoordinated land-use decisions often leads to a landscape comprised of fragmented wildlife habitats which serve both human and wildlife needs poorly. Landscape ecology proposes instead to design landscape mosaics -- matrices of patches, corridors, and ecological edges -- to serve a broader and more diverse range of ecological systems and functions. Comprehensive land-use planning and design done in this way will better promote the enhancement, protection, and management of landscapes that support wildlife and provide ecosystem services to human populations.

       The future of wildlife and wildlife habitat in rural, suburban, and urban settings depend on an environmentally-responsible strategy of land management that emphasizes a mix of spaces for people and wildlife. The use of ecological information in the design process can create a more positive union between land use and the natural environment, and increase public awareness of wildlife, wildlife habitats, and their value to human welfare. Wildlife and wildlife habitat values should be considered early in the development process.

Role of the Landscape Architect

       Landscape architects serve as dual advocates for both human and non-human communities. Landscape architects work with ecologists, conservation biologists, and other scientists to map existing and potential habitat patches and corridors, and then propose designs that protect critical habitats, connect fragmented green spaces, and weave together built communities and natural systems into a broader system that maximizes benefits. 

       Landscape architects often develop specialized knowledge in these areas: hydrology and riparian habitat for riverways; horticulture for native habitat planting; and ecology for systems.